CHAPTER III
RESEARCH
METHOD
This
chapter presents research method that consists of research approach, kind of
research, data source, and technique of data collection, data analysis, and
validity of data.
A.
Approach and Kind of Research
This research use qualitative approach, in this case an approach is
important to be done by researcher .
Qualitative research is research that use natural approach to look
and find the definition or understanding about phenomena in a background that
has special context.[1]While
creswell states that qualitative research is an inquiry approach useful for
exploring and understanding a central phenomena.[2]
The kind of research use descriptive research. Descriptive
research is concerned with functional relationships, in conducting a
descriptive research project, researchers do not manipulate or do not specify
the events that occur. Descriptive research concerning events that have
occurred that are related to the present condition. To get descriptive data in
the form of written words, deeds and documentation taken thoroughly and
candidly. The goal of this research to find and explain descriptively the issue in the institution exactly about the implementation of stimulation question
strategy on introduction of linguistics class at first semester of TBI.
B.
Research Attendance
In
conducting the qualitative research, the researcher’s attendance is as researcher
in order to obtain some data that want to analyse or needed. And also is
supposed to be correctly with purpose of study.
And
the step that will be used by researcher in conducting of research are
observing, interviewing and documentation. Because it is to get information that related
with the objective of the study.
C.
Research Setting
This research is located at Introduction of Linguistics C class at the
first semester in IAIN Madura, In
this case, the researcher will search about the stimulation question strategy which the
lecturer uses in teaching the introduction to linguistics subject as well as to
investigate how the students response toward the implementation of the strategy
itself.
D.
Data source
In
this data source explain about kind of
data, data source that researcher acquire such
as who is the subject and the object of this data. And in this data researcher
would like to take the data from it, because both of them can help the
researcher to get the data.
In this case, the sources where and to whom the
researcher will get the data divide into subject and also object of this study.
The subject of this research is the lecturer of Introduction to Linguistic
Class at TBI First Semester and also the TBI students at First Semester of IAIN
Madura.
E.
Data Collecting Procedure
Data collection is needed by researcher,
because it is important of the researcher to helps acquire the result of
research from the data. Data procedure of this research are observation,
interview and documentation.
1. Observation
Observation
is an measure that interpretation of theory.[3]
While Creswell in his book states that observation is the process of gathering
open-ended, firsthand information by observing people and places at a research
site.[4]
The researcher use observation because the researcher wants to know the
implementation of stimulation question strategy on introduction to linguistecs
learning. So, the researcher can find out the phenomenon that is happening in
real condition about the implementation of the strategy in introduction to linguistics
class.
In
qualitative research, based on the role there are two kinds of observation as
follows below.[5]
a) Non-participant Observation
A
non participant observer is an observer (researcher) who visits and siteand
records notes without becoming involved in the activities. In this case, the
researcher just observes from the real situation, did not do treatment, just
write or take important data.
b) Participant Observation
A
Participant observer is an observational role adopted by researchers when they
take part in activities in the setting they observe.in this observation, the
researcher acts as participant who is involved in participants` activity and
experiences the same thing like them.
In
this case, the researcher is going to use participant observation because the
researcher as participant who involve to the experience. The observation is
going to do by checklist observation. The indicators of checklist observation
can describe the way of using the strategy either in pre-teaching,
whilst-teaching, and post-teaching.
2. Interview
According
to Mahsun, interview method is one of the methods that used obtaining data
which is conducted when the conducted a contact discussion with a speakers as
an informant.[6]
While Suharsimi Arikunto states that interview is a dialogue that carried out
to get information.[7]
Therefore it is done by researcher to gets infomation about the use of small
group discussion in writing recount text.
There are two kinds of
interview, they are structured interview and unstructured interview.
a) Structure interview
Is interview that the researcher has
prepared the list of questions.
b) Unstructured interview is interview that
the researcher does not prepare the question before it.
c) Partially Structured Interview
The kind of interview which is partially structured
interview. It is the combination of structured and instructed interview, where
the researcher formulated some questions, but possible to change the questions during
interview process because of unpredictable situation.[8]
In this case, partially
structured interview is suitable for the researcher to use. By preparing some
questions related to students’ response about the stimulation question which is
giving by the lecturer in the initiation of teaching learning activity. But
possible the researcher will add or reduce some question based on the situation
such as the answer is too short thus the researcher must ask again by different
form or vice versa the answer is too long so the next question has answered.
3. Documentation
The
researcher used this methode because the researcher want to obtain the valid
data in this research and also it is able to give support to the both of
observation and interview methods concerning to
the the implementation of stimulation question strategy on introduction
to linguistecs learning in TBI C lass
of first semester.
The
researcher collect the data such as
teaching overview, pictures, students name list that can
help the researcher to get the data of the implementation of stimulation
question strategy on introduction to linguistecs learning at the TBI Class of first semester in IAIN Pamekasan.
F.
Data Analysis
The data which will be collected by the
researcher, either from observation, interview, or documentation, needs to be
analyzed, and it is a very important for researcher in a research because its
will give interpreting the result of the investigation. In which based on Miles
and Huberman in Sugiono’s book that is consists of three steps are Data
Reduction, Data Display, and Conclusion/verification.
1. Data Reduction
Data
reduction means that all of from the data that have gotten from the research,
either by observation, interview, or documantation is summarized. Because in
the research, researcher will get amount of data. So, the researcher needs to
choose or focus just to the important things which will be gathered, and from
this the researcher will obtain the clear description of the data by
summarizing all of the data.
2. Data Display
In
Sugiono’s book, Miles and Huberman states that looking at displays help us to
understand what is happening and to do something-further analysis or caution on
that understanding.[9]
It means that, the researcher needs to display the data which have been
reduced. This is needed because its will help the researcher to make the data
more understandable or easier to understand.
3. Conclusion/verification
After
all of the data are displayed, the researcher needs to draws the conclusion of
the data so that get the clear description. And the entire conclusion must
taken based on the valid evidence that researcher got from observation,
interview, and documentation.
G.
Checking of
Data Validity
Checking validity of the data is very
important in qualitative because its will determines the vaidity of data that
have gotten by researcher in the research. Validity finding means that the
researcher finds through strategies such
as triangulation or member checking.[10]
There
are 4 kinds of triangultion:[11]
1. Source Triangulation
Source triangulation is
a source or technique that use to get different source of the data from another
source tomake clarify the previous data which have gotten as comparison to
check the validity of data.
2. Method Triangulation
Is testing the data by
comparing the data of research that is conducted by using different methods
about the same of data.
3.
Theory Triangulation
Is approaching data with multiple perspectives and hypo-
theses in mind. Various theoretical points of view could
be placed side by sideto assess their utility and power.
4.
Investigator Triangulation
Is characterized by the use of different observers or interviewers, to balance out
the subjective influence of individuals.
In
this research, the researcher used data method of triangulation because the
researcher will compare the data that
is gotten by using different method namely observation, interviews, and
documentation.
H.
The Steps of Research
1) Pre research
In the beginning of
research, researcher needs to doing some
activity to do it such as:
a) Finding the phenomenon
b) Write the proposal of the study
c) Select the object that will be research
d) Select the location of the research
e) Taken permission to conduct the study
2) Process of research
After the steps
above, the researcher will be do :
a) Collecting the data
b) Identify the problem
c) The researcher obtain permission to
conduct the study
d) The researcher do analyzing the data
that have analyzed before and obtained until obtains the validity of the research.
3) Arranging the result of result
a) Report and conclude the result that have
gotten from the research
b) Arranged the study based on the research
problem and result of research that have
gotten by researcher from the research.
[1]Lexy J, Moleong, Metodologi
Penelitian Kualitatif, (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya,2012), P.5
[2]John W, Creswel. Educational Research. P. 626.
[3]Prof. Dr. Syamsuddin AR, M. S. Metode
Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa. (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya,2015), Page
237.
[4]John W. Creswell, Educational Research, (buston : person
education, 2012). Page 213.
[6]Mahsun, Metode Penetian Bahasa: Tahapan Strategi,
Metode dan Tekniknya, (Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2005), page 250.
[7]Suharsimi Arikunto.
Pendekatan Praktek. P. 155
[8]Ibid
[9]Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif,
(Bandung: Ivabeta, 2010), Page 249.
[10]John W. Creswell, Educational Research, (buston : person
education, 2012). Page 259.
[11]Lexy J. Maleong, Metodelogi Penelitian Kualitatif Edisi
Revisi, (Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya, 2014). P.330
