A.
Reasearch
Context
Oral language and written language, both of them have a very important
role in expressing the main ideas. However, when someone expresses an idea,
which needs to be considered not only language but also understanding. This is
caused by the intent contained in a spoken language is not always explicit, but
can also be implied.
The discussion of the meaning that
is veiled in a speech is further studied in pragmatic studies. Levinson
provides some limitations about pragmatic. First, the limitation explains that
pragmatic is a study of the relationship between language and the context that
underlies the explanation of language. To understand the use of language,
humans are required to understand the context that accommodates the use of the language.
Second, the boundary explains that pragmatic examines the ability of language
users to associate sentences with contexts that match those sentences.[1]
The word implicature (implicature)
is taken from the verb "to imply" which comes from the Latin "plicare".
Etymologically, "to imply" means to fold something into something
else. So, it can be interpreted as something that is implied that something is
"folded", and to know its meaning we have to dismantle it so that the
true meaning can be understood. The term implicature is also used to explain
what might be interpreted or intended by speakers, which is sometimes different
from what the speaker actually said.
According to Levinson in
Pragmatics, implicature conversation is a deviation from the semantic charge of
a sentence. Levinson said that:
“ . . . by
definition, conversational implicature, when the term implicature is intended
to contrast with the term like logical implication, entailment,and logical
consequences which are generally used to refer to inferences that are derived
solely from logical and semantic content. For implicature are not semantic
inferences, but rather inferences based on both the content of what has been
said and some specific assumption about the cooperative nature of ordinary
verbal interaction.”[2]
Implicature can also be interpreted
as a watering or concept that refers to something implied (implicated) by a
speech that is not stated explicitly (asserted) by the speech. The term
implicature was first put forward by Grice to explain what might be explained,
interpreted, suggested, or intended by speakers who could be different from
what the speaker actually said.[3]
From the above definition, we can
conclude that understanding of implicature is inseparable from the principle of
cooperation between the two speakers in a conversation interaction. So for more
details, we define in more detail the three implicit word terms, implications,
and implicatures. Implicit can be interpreted as contained meaning (although
not clearly stated), the implication has a meaning that is included or knotted
but not stated, whereas implicature has a translation of the hidden meanings in
a conversation or the meaning intended by speakers related to the existence of
cooperation to know the meaning which can be different.
Grice stated in his article
entitled "Logical of Conversation" that speech can imply propositions
that are not part of the speech. The implied proposition can be called
conversational implicature. Thus we can define that conversation implicature is
the implication of a speech in the form of a proposition that is actually not
part of the speech. Conversational implicature terminology which can only be
implicitly observed is interpreted as "the interrelation of the utterances
spoken between two people who are conversing."[4]
Actually, the similar research has
been conducted by Eka Ratnasari entitled “Pragmatic Analysis On Cooperative
Principle Used By The Actors Of Opera Van Java (OVJ) Program In Trans7”. The
researcher analysis the types of cooperative principles used by the OVJ acress
are maxim of quality, quantity, manner and relation.[5]
And the next similar research by Astutik entitled “The Analysis Of Semantic
Field Of The English Anthology Grimm’s Fairy Tales By Brother Grimm”. This research
use semantic especially in semantic field on the anthology Grimm’s Fairy Tales
by Brother Grimm shows the variation of language vocabulary that use on it.
Then it makes more interesting by using the various vocabulary that use to
express about the purpose of topic.[6]
And then research by Istiana entitled “The Analysis Of Locutionary,
Illocutionary, and Perlocutionary Acts Of Semantic On Maleficent Film By Robert
Stromberg”. The result of this reseach shows the Locutionary, Illocutionary,
and perlocutionary acts on Maleficent Film.[7]
In this regard, the researcher
intends to make this research different from previous studies, especially in
the field of implicature with the object of the study of Novel Ground Zero by
Agustinus Wibowo. The selection of this novel is based on the factors in the
number of speech acts or sentences that have implicit meanings, the translation
of the hidden meanings in a conversation or the meanings meant by speakers who
may be different meanings.
Researchers are interested in
conducting this research because of the many speech acts or sentences that make
confuse the readers of novel because they have different meanings, so that
readers have difficulty to understanding the context in the novel.
That is the reason why researchers
are interested in doing this research, and the researcher is going to conduct a
research since that phenomenon is quite necessary to be investigated and
entitled the research is The Analysis Of Implicature Of Pragmatic On Ground
Zero Novel By Agustinus Wibowo.
B.
Research
Focuses
The study is mainly focused on the discussion of the
following matters:
- What
are the Implicature of Pragmatic on Ground Zero Novel?
- What
are the analysis of Implicature of Pragmatic on Ground Zero Novel?
C.
Research
Objective
In research focuses above, the objectives are to be
formulated as follows:
- To
describe the Implicature of Pragmatic on Ground Zero Novel.
- To
analyze the Implicature of Pragmatic on Ground Zero Novel.
D.
Significant
Of The Study
Some
significant of the study will probably give some benefits for some aspects.
- Theoretically
The
researcher hopes this study will give benefits for:
a. The
researcher
It
will be helpful for the researcher to know the implicature of Ground Zero
novel.
b. The
readers of IAIN Madura
The researcher hope it will give another reference
for the reader of IAIN Madura who want to studied about Implicature of
Pragmatic with this study.
- Practically
The
researcher hope this study will be expected for:
a. IAIN
Madura
The researcher hope this study will be
recommendation for IAIN Madura to help students to know about Implicature of
pragmatic.
b. The
lectures of TBI students
The lectures with this study can support the student
become reference study in learning Pragmatic.
c. The
students of IAIN Madura
With this study can support the student especially
TBI students to more interested to learn pragmatic in implicature.
[1] M Rohmadi, Pragmatic Theory
and Analysis, (Yogyakarta: Lingkar Media, 2010), p.4-5
[2] Stephen Levinson, Pragmatics,
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), p.103-104
[3] P Grice H, Logic and
Conversation (London: University College London for Pragmatic Theory Online
Course, 2004)
[4] A Chair & L Agustina, Sosiolinguistik:
Perkenalan Awal (Jakarta, Rineka Cipta, 2004), p.59
[5] Eka Ratnasari, Pragmatic
Analysis On Cooperative Principe Used By The Action Of Opera Van Java (OVJ)
Program In Trans7, (Thesis S1, STAIN, Pamekasan, 2013), p. In abstract
[6] Astutik, The Analysis Of
Semantic Field Of The English Anthology
Grimm’s Fairy Tales By Brother Grimm, (Thesis S1, IAIN, Madura,
2018), p. In abstract
[7] Istiana, The Analysis Of
Locutionary, Illocutionary, And Perlocutionary Acts Of Semantic On Maleficent
Film By Robert Stromberg, (Thesis S1, STAIN, Pamekasan, 2017), p. In
abstract
